One of the Most Overlooked Answers for Research Paper Writing

One of the Most Overlooked Answers for Research Paper Writing The exploration paper gives you the possiblity to contemplate some problem. So you simply cannot take some random number and data and write it as you desire. Dissertation writing services always prepared to assist you in academic carrier to scoring excellent grade. Whatever method or template you select for helping your students learn how to take notes, be certain to model it many times before the class demonstrating for them how to compose the notes since they read about a topic. Going to the library might not be a huge dig but differentiating between what is needed and what's not. There are numerous research materials offered in the libraries. While there are numerous elements to a great research article, one of the most crucial elements for your readers is the background of your study. Note down information of every sources When it's a big research undertaking, there's more chance to receive messy. To formulate an adequate research topic, you have to examine quite a lot of materials. For instance, sometimes you should do just a little background research and reading before it's possible to develop a research question. Pay a trip to their website if you're in need of a research paper writing service. Select the very affordable research writing service Students, who wish to acquire decent research writing service free of charge, might think about dropping the idea. The consumer wishing to discover the assistance of on-line customized research paper writers ought to be regarding the net. In such times it's recommended to find expert help from best academic writing on the net to supply students with the guidance and me ntoring for them to satisfy their academic paper requirements and deliver their assignments in time. It's simple to differentiate a research paper written by a skilled and one written by means of a school dropout. So you always ought to ask your professor what basic layout you've got to use while writing your college paper. Remember that many of students will need to gain from your term paper. A prudent student doesn't have to cover a sample paper. What You Can Do About Research Paper Writing Beginning in the Next 5 Minutes Forget about all of the essays you wrote while in high school in an evening and you're done. When considering research paper tips for college, you ought to avoid controversial and sensational topics and the topics which are too technical. Researching the essay topic will allow you to determine what to write about in the essay and the way to structure it. If you're writing a humanities or social science essay it's possible to find more literary approach es to start your introduction and announce the subject of your paper. You've got to choose a topic in which you have good expertise, and you'll be able to place your extra input. Furthermore, you ought to keep your background focused but balanced enough so that it's pertinent to a broader audience. The procedure for research begins with the assortment of a topic which is appropriate for your course or purpose. Explore the regions where you have basic understanding. The Fight Against Research Paper Writing It is an impossible task to complete dissertation writing in short time, it's time consuming task as it needs to search a good deal. You ought to keep in mind that before finalizing your research paper you've got to revise it repeatedly. Ensure you work hard to meet up with the deadline. However you're feeling about writing research papers, there's always something you may learn how to produce the process more efficient. Life, Death, and Research Paper Writing For insta nce, if you operate with a readers, multiple choice poll will want to understand about your principal research. For instance, the introduction and the conclusion is going to be offered to you. For example you can briefly emphasize the significance of the research in closing paragraph. These examples will allow you to make up your mind on where to locate a sample of a fantastic critique. Introducing Research Paper Writing Sometimes the last portion of an introduction to a research paper will be two or three lines that provide a summary of the structure of the human body of the paper. The writing style in a research paper has to be conventional and ought to abide by the guidelines offered by the institute. In case the paper is discovered to have not met the caliber of the customer, it's given back for more revisions. The research paper is a sort of academic writing that has adequate understanding of the info.

The Tragedy Of The Holocaust - 1708 Words

The Holocaust is, by definition, a tragedy. HaShoah, the Hebrew word for the Holocaust, translates to â€Å"the catastrophe.† The very notion of humor during the Holocaust may seem incongruous, appalling, and wildly inappropriate. Tragedy is seen as serious, while comedy is typically lighthearted in nature. However, there is precedence for ‘comic relief,’ the presence of humor in tragedy with the desired effect to relieve tension. Frequently, comic relief is used so that tragedy does not overshadow us in darkness. Humor is simply an alternate, often more effective, lens through which we can approach history. Yet people still tend to draw red lines on especially tragic events, as analyzing the Shoah through the comedic lens is generally frowned upon, especially in the Jewish community. But, the taboo of ‘Holocaust humor’ is already being challenged by various holocaust jokes, Joan Rivers, Viktor Frankle’s Man’s Search for Meaning, Sarah S ilverman’s â€Å"Wowschwitz†, and Sander L. Gilman’s article, â€Å"Is Life Beautiful? Can the Shoah Be Funny? Some Thoughts on Recent and Older Films.† This norm of keeping humor out of the Holocaust should be challenged on the basis that it serves as an outlet for which to cope with tragedy, a means of solidarity and unity for the oppressed, and a vehicle for Nazi criticism. Living in a Nazi-occupied ghetto or concentration camp during the Shoah would be disturbing, traumatic, and certainly depressing. During the Shoah, however, the oppressed andShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust945 Words   |  4 PagesSince the terrorist attack on Paris, to the natural disasters in Haiti; there have been a variety of tragic events that have occurred throughout history across the world. Perhaps one main tragedy that leaves people feeling baffled is the Holocaust. Eric Lichtblau described the Holocaust in his article, The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking, as a genocide in which Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany and its associates killed approximately six million Jewish people because the Nazis believed that exterminatingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1599 Words   |  7 Pagesassigned Adolf Hitler as their chancellor. Once Hitler had finally reached power he set out to complete one goal, create a Greater Germany free from the Jews (â€Å"The reasons for the Holocaust,† 2009). This tragedy is known today as, â€Å"The Holocaust,† that explains the terrors of our histories past. The face of the Holocaust, master of death, and leader of Germany; Adolf Hitler the most deceitful, powerful, well spoken, and intelligent person that acted as the key to this mass murder. According to a researchRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust922 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the terrorist attack on Paris, to the natural disasters in Haiti; there have been a variety of tragic events that have occurred throughout history across the world. Perhaps one main tragedy that leaves people feeling baffled is the Holocaust. Eric Lichtblau described the Holocaust in his article, The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking, as a genocide in which Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany and its associates killed around six million Jewish people because the Nazis believed that exterminating the JewishRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1063 Words   |  5 Pages religious family and a tough culture surrounding him, the Holocaust effected his life to the extreme but along with all his suffering and the tragedies in his life the Holocaust did not take him. He stuck by his believes and made it out alive. Born in Vilna with pride, it gave an eminent name to the Jewish people. He has four sisters, Rachel, Sonia, Doba and _. Also his mother and father, nephews and nieces. All but Rachel and he died of the Holocaust. In Vilna the Jews lived on one side of the street andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse in the cause; it is the indifference and ruthlessness that an individual portrays. This sort of behavior accommodates society and encourages people to accept and follow its routine and principles, such as the events that took place during the Holocaust. During the time period of 1933 to 1945, Adolf Hitler, an Austrian World War I veteran, decided to partake in twisted behavior. Hitler believed that in order to do his nation justice, the nation needed an ethnic cleansing. This ethnic cleansingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust3499 Words   |  14 Pageshowever, the holocaust seems to be the huge adversity to overcome. The holocaust has taught the s ociety many things; although the world has not exactly learned from the experiences entirely. The holocaust is a learning experience still today, so that this generation will not repeat the same drastic measures. Many people today seem to think that the holocaust never happened; in spite of this, there are those that disagree. I have had the opportunity to listen to a firsthand account of the tragedy that happenedRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1415 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to the holocaust, however, he exhibits none of these characteristics. He was kind, wealthy, and uncommonly resourceful, and his marriage to Anja was filled with compassion, intimacy, and love. Where now Vladek is now stubborn, irritable, and almost comically stingy with his money. His experiences in the Holocaust undoubtedly played a role in these dramatic personality changes. It wasn’t until the war started that Vladek got a little more precautious about a few things. Whenever a bad thingRead Mor eThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesWithin the era of 1933 to 1945, races struggled through times of gloom, torment and hopelessness. The Holocaust was hard on numerous people, with little survivors and still influences individuals present lives today. The majority of the anguish was brought about as a result of one man’s conviction, that had the capacity to impact a whole nation. The holocaust was a genocide that was exclusively centered around hatred found in Germany. Propaganda was one of the main causes, which conditioned the peopleRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1034 Words   |  5 PagesIn every moment, people make choices that impact society, continually shaping history. During the Holocaust, when the Nazi Party incarcerated millions of Jews, ordinary European citizens and their everyday decisions and shaped history through an amass of cause and effects. Their decisions were greatly influenced by their understanding of the universe of ob ligation, which sociologist Helen Fein defines as â€Å"the circle of individuals and groups ‘toward whom obligations are owed, to whom rules applyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1970 Words   |  8 PagesThe Holocaust, 9/11, wars and assassinations are common events that come to mind when thinking about history. These events tend to make people think that mankind is evil and will always choose to be evil. However, when looking at the people behind the evil doings, are they really killing for a selfish reason? Mankind will always do good for their nation, no matter the cost. While most powerful leaders end up hurting many people, they either have good intentions behind the mask of people suffering

Customer Feedback Landmark Hotel in Auckland

Question: Discuss about theCustomer Feedbackfor Landmark Hotel in Auckland. Answer: Introduction: The report discusses about the issues faced by Landmark hotel in Auckland. In light of losing several business accounts and drop in the rate of repeat bookings, General Manager of hotel emphasizes on measuring by ways of collecting data as he thinks that management is best done when various variable affecting it is measured. Report has two parts. In first part, varies ways of measuring guest satisfaction is discussed along with their strength and weakness. Integrate feedback from different ways and a way is designed for sharing the information and identifying people for reporting it (Ariffin et al., 2013). Second part of report discusses about several sub sets of questions from the survey conducted on guest for hotels. Various issues identified in the operation of hotels are discussed and several recommendations are provided for actions. Discussion: Part A: Landmark hotel is facing few issues concerning its booking rates and has been losing several business accounts. General Manager is thinking that guest satisfaction report would be relevant in determining the cause of lagging business and therefore he intends to measure the satisfaction of gests by some possible sources. Foundation of any successful business is formed because of satisfied customers (Chen et al., 2015). This is so because customer satisfaction leads to repeated purchase, build brand loyalty by spreading positive word of mouth. Satisfaction depicts the overall attitude of the customers toward the provider of service. There seems to exist positive connection between loyalty, customer satisfaction and retention. Measuring the satisfaction of customers assist the organization in understanding the key drivers that is causing dissatisfaction and satisfaction among the consumers with service provider. Moreover, it helps organization in focusing on its customers and improving their satisfaction. It also helps hoteliers in understanding the extent to which satisfaction is influenced by factors that is outside their control (El Haddad, 2015). However, there are various factors influencing customer satisfaction. Three possible sources for measuring guest satisfaction and their strength and weakness are as follows: There are various sources of measuring customer satisfaction and it comprise of external and internal sources. Conducting customer satisfaction survey- It is one of the economic and efficient ways of measuring customer satisfaction. They are designed to give unambiguous and anonymous insight into perception and thoughts of service and product. Gathering information directly from customers would be beneficial in measuring satisfaction (Molina-Azorn et al., 2015). However, there are some pros and cons of this method. Conducting survey helps in getting up to date feedback by regularly scheduling email and online surveys. It helps in receiving an immediate feedback from customers. Benchmark results are obtained as the organization can gain continuous insight into the customers. On the other hand, conducting survey might be faced with time constraint. Privacy issues is another disadvantage of this source as there is insecurity of releasing private information (Padilla-Melndez Garrido-Moreno, 2014). Telephonic interviews- This tool kit for measuring satisfaction comes with low cost and high control of sample and standards of interviewer. It uses simple scales for ratings. Some of the weakness of this method is explanatory visuals cannot be shown using this method. It is not possible to access all the customers through the phone. Reviewing Operational Data from your Own Organization: This source helps in uncovering customer discontent potential areas by reviewing key operational data. It will help in uncovering some factors that would be immediately fixed, which will get the business on right track and make customers happy (Prasad et al., 2014). It provides specific information that could be used in quality management. At the same time, some relevant information might be missed which can be solely available from external sources (Zhou et al., 2014). Therefore, this source is somewhat reliable. It is very essential for hotel such as landmark to manage its feedback properly so that it is directed toward implementing strategies for improving booking rate and acquiring of business accounts. Feedback report generated from measuring satisfaction of customers needs to be reported to senior management, operational management, customer facing staffs, communication staffs, strategic and police staffs. Involvement of the senior and operational management of landmark hotel would make them act on solving existing issues (Oh et al., 2015). This report would give them a sense of the way customers feel toward the service provided. Implementing results of customer satisfaction measurement is also critical for customer facing staffs. Feedback report of landmark hotel should be designed in such a way that it should that it include both summarized and specific information. Feedback report include cover page and a body consisting of three main sections. It will include a section of data on performance of hotel along with cover page for summary information. It will also contain a section of job specifics and companywide competencies. The data are summarized from the respondents concerning questionnaires. Information are presented using the descriptive statements. Feedback report include the evaluation of negative elements being discovered. Resolving of the issues is done by framing an action plan to be included in feedback report. Part B: Data of guest survey spreadsheet is calculated and analyzed with the help of measures of central tendency and standard deviation (Pizam et al., 2016). Mean, median, mode and standard deviation have been used for calculation purpose. Mean is average value of given set of observations. It is obtained by dividing the total number of observation by total number of observations. Median shows the middle most values in the set of observations. This value separates higher half of sample of data from the lower half. Mode is the most appeared value in data set. It means mode is most frequent occurred value. Standard deviation denotes variation from the average value and it is a measure of dispersion. It measures absolute variation of a distribution. Analysis of Figures From Guest Survey: First question mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at 2.93,3,3 and .83 respectively. Most of respondents agree that service provided is of high standard. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation of second question stands at 3.06,3,4 and .87. Most of respondents agree that they are welcomed and looked after. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation of hotel maintenance stands at 2.1,2,2 and .71. These figures show that respondents are not satisfied with maintenance of landmark hotel. Fourth question mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at 2.1,2,2 and .74. Figures depicts that room was not clean to high standard upon arrival. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation of fifth question stands at 2.5,3,3 and .77. It is depicted from figure that most of respondents disagree about room ability for getting good night sleep. Sixth question mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at 2.4,2,2 and .67. Figure depicts that some of respondents disagree that breakfast was not an enjoyable experience. Mean median, mode and standard deviation of seventh question stands at 2.9,3,3 and .71. It is depicted by figure that most of respondents agree that good environmental practices is practiced by hotel. When it comes to recommend hotel by respondents, mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at .53, 1, 1 and .507. Figures depicts that only few respondents would recommend this hotel to others. Ninth question mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at .83, 1, 1 and .37. This value shows that only few respondents strongly disagree that they have stayed at this hotel. Average value is deviating least from observed value (Yang et al., 2014). Last question deals with preferring other hotel than Landmark hotel after experience. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation stands at .433, 0, 0 and .504. This Figure depicts that none of respondents would prefer another scenic hotel after experience of this hotel. From the above discussion and analysis of figures, some of issues faced by hotel can be listed down as below: Landmark hotel does not have high standard of maintenance Upon arrival, guests are experiencing untidiness Landmark hotel has very fewer chances of being recommended by majority of respondents. Therefore, from above analysis, landmark hotel needs to maintain high standard in terms of cleanliness of rooms and maintenance of hotel rooms. Respondents are less likely to recommend landmark hotel to others. Recommendation: It is recommended on part of hotel to embrace the idea that maintenance of assets and management of visibility should be increased. This shows that attention of senior level management is required for controlling and maintaining the infrastructures. Asset management history of hotel should be tracked and evaluated monthly for identifying trends of hotel maintenance. It would include energy drains, many work orders issues related to potential capital expenditure and bottlenecks. It should be ascertained that all the assets of hotel along with asset detail such as description, installation cost, serial number, and vendor, associated cost and expected useful life. Hotel should make evaluation of all the above. Any increase in proactive maintenance should come with setting of the target and a computerized maintenance management software should be installed. This would provide senior management. It is also required on part of management to take some measures to promote the hotel, as fewer respondents are likely to recommend the hotel to others. This can be done by offering packages, organizing events, launching loyalty programs and making seasonal promotions. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that maintenance trends of landmark hotel are the most important identified issue leading to falling booking rates. It is the responsibility of owners and management of hotels for maintain physical infrastructure, equipment is while jointly maintaining environmental responsibility. It is confirmed by majority of respondents that maintenance issue was the main reason behind decrease in preference of customers toward service of Landmark hotel. Reference: Ariffin, A. A. M., Nameghi, E. N., Zakaria, N. I. (2013). The effect of hospitableness and servicescape on guest satisfaction in the hotel industry.Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration,30(2), 127-137. Chen, C. M., Yang, H. W., Li, E. Y., Liu, C. C. (2015). How does hotel pricing influence guest satisfaction by the moderating influence of room occupancy?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,49, 136-138. El Haddad, R. (2015). Exploration of revenue management practicescase of an upscale budget hotel chain.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(8), 1791-1813. Molina-Azorn, J. F., Tar, J. J., Pereira-Moliner, J., Lpez-Gamero, M. D., Pertusa-Ortega, E. M. (2015). The effects of quality and environmental management on competitive advantage: A mixed methods study in the hotel industry.Tourism Management,50, 41-54. Oh, H., Oh, H., Kim, K., Kim, K. (2017). Customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer value: years 2000-2015.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,29(1), 2-29. Padilla-Melndez, A., Garrido-Moreno, A. (2014). Customer relationship management in hotels: Examining critical success factors.Current Issues in Tourism,17(5), 387-396. Peir-Signes, A., Segarra-Oa, M. D. V., Verma, R., Mondjar-Jimnez, J., Vargas-Vargas, M. (2014). The impact of environmental certification on hotel guest ratings.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(1), 40-51. Pizam, A., Pizam, A., Shapoval, V., Shapoval, V., Ellis, T., Ellis, T. (2016). Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises: a revisit and update.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), 2-35. Prasad, K., Wirtz, P. W., Yu, L. (2014). Measuring hotel guest satisfaction by using an online quality management system.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,23(4), 445-463. Xiang, Z., Schwartz, Z., Gerdes, J. H., Uysal, M. (2015). What can big data and text analytics tell us about hotel guest experience and satisfaction?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, 120-130. Yang, Y., Luo, H., Law, R. (2014). Theoretical, empirical, and operational models in hotel location research.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 209-220. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P. L., Wu, M. Y. (2014). Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, 1-10.

Legalizing Medical Marijuana free essay sample

Legalizing Medical Marijuana The debate over whether to legalize marijuana has been one of the most controversial issues dividing courts, the federal government, state governments, and voters. In 1996, Arizona and California voters overwhelmingly approved the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Propositions 200 and 215 represented a dramatic shift from a previously united federal and state front against illegal drugs to one where state governments and voters are now at odds with the federal government over the medical use of controlled substances. Rather than focusing on how to improve and maintain the long-standing war on drugs, the policy issue has now become; who controls America’s drug laws, courts, the federal government, state governments, or the voters? In addition, the legalization of marijuana poses other questions; does legalizing marijuana undermine the seemingly endless federal war on drugs by moving towards greater tolerance of marijuana and other drugs? Is more research necessary to determine the benefits or hazardous effects of marijuana? Would legalizing marijuana open the floodgates to legalizing other controlled substances such as heroin or LSD? This paper analyzes and examines. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalizing Medical Marijuana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The history of marijuana legalization and prohibition. The arguments for and against legalizing marijuana. This paper concludes by recommending that before marijuana is legalized for medical use there needs to be more testing to improve our knowledge and understanding of marijuana. The first recorded use of marijuana as medicine was in a Chinese pharmacopoeia in 2727 B. C. The cornerstone of drug prohibition in the United States was the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 which restricted the use of opiates such as cocaine, heroin, and morphine to medical purposes (Trebach and Inciardi, p. 3). In the United States, marijuana was legal until the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 established the federal prohibition of the drug. (Grinspoon; Trebach and Inciardi). Had marijuana not been removed from the list of drugs in the United States Pharmacopoeia in 1937, it would have been grand fathered into the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act as a prescription drug, just as cocaine and morphine were. (Grinspoon). As a result of the tremendous increase in the number of recreational drug users and a more liberalized political climate, marijuana medicinal uses were rediscovered in the 1970s. In the later 1970s and 1980s, marijuana was medically used by hundreds of patients (mainly in the form of synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol) in research projects conducted by several states for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy. (Grinspoon). Likewise, in 1976, the federal government approved the use of marijuana as a medicine by instituting the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program (CIND), under which physicians could obtain an Investigational New Drug application (IND) for a patient to receive marijuana. (Grinspoon). However, this program was so filled with and bureaucratically overburdened that in the course of history only about three dozen individuals ever received marijuana. One argument in favor of legalization is that marijuana provides several medical benefits for individuals suffering from asthma, cancer, glaucoma, migraine headaches, multiple sclerosis, and other symptoms and syndromes. (Grinspoon, p. 1). First, marijuana is remarkably non-toxic as evidenced by the fact that there has never been a reported death caused by marijuana overdose. Grinspoon, p. 1). In addition, marijuana’s long-term and short-term effects (i. e. , increased appetite, increased memory loss/slowed memory function, etc. ) are relatively inconsequential compared to medicines for which marijuana may be substituted. (Grinspoon, p. 1). Next, once patients no longer have to pay the prohibition tariff, marijuana will be less expensive than the medications it replaces. (Grinspoon, p. 1). Finally, marijuana is remarkably versatile; case histories and clinical evidence suggests it is useful in the treatment of over two dozen symptoms and syndromes, and others will undoubtedly be discovered in the future. (Grinspoon, p. 1). Another argument in favor of legalization is that there are many activities that are considered integral parts of daily life that are more lethal than marijuana. In order to support this contention, proponents note that in the United States, tobacco alone kills over 430,000, alcohol 110,000, prescription drugs 32,000, and aspirin and Tylenol 7,600 yearly. http://my. marijuana. com, p. 1). By contrast, all illegal drugs combined, including, amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate), heroin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), marijuana, mescaline, PCP (phencyclidine), and psilocybin (magic) mushrooms killed approximately 11,000 in 1999. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 1). In addition, proponents contend that prohibition has not been sho wn to have a measurable impact on the demand for drugs in general. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). Countries such as Italy, Portugal, and Spain, have decriminalized the use of all drugs, including cocaine and heroin, and offer government subsidized programs to assist those addicted to hard drugs such as heroin, providing them with doctor supervised locations to ingest their drugs. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). Likewise, the Netherlands has legalized soft drugs including marijuana and magic mushrooms. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). The result of these programs has been lower drug addiction, death, and use rates. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). Proponents of legalization contend that by preventing valid manufacturers from making these products, prohibition increases the dangers associated with drug use by preventing regulation, and forcing drug users to buy products which have no guarantee of dosage or purity. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). In addition, proponents contend that prohibition increases street violence by forcing the sale of drugs to the black market, which encourages the formation of organized crime in order to distribute and manufacture these substances under the control of a group of individuals. http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). Laws are structured in order to punish adults more heavily than minors, and due to this, minors are enlisted by these organized crime units, provided with guns or other weapons, and used to sell or transport these drugs, with the knowledge that if they are caught, they will not be as heavily punished. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). This increase in violence and the focus on c riminalizing drug use has resulted in the criminal justice system being overloaded. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 2). Non-violent drug offenders make up 58% of the federal prison population according to the ACLU. In addition, mandatory minimum sentencing laws and laws such as California’s Three Strikes law are unfairly distributed, jailing some for life, simply for selling a chemical which the buyer freely chooses to ingest, making it a harsher crime to participate in a consensual act than to commit second degree murder. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 3). Proponents of legalization also contend that the war on drugs presents an immense monetary drain on the United States economy. http://my. marijuana. com, p. 4). For example, in 2000, the Clinton administration spent more than $17. 9 billion on the war on drugs. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 4). By comparison, the president is requested $4. 5 billion in discretionary appropriations for the Department of Education in the fiscal year 2002. (Dept. Of Ed. ). In short, the United States is spending 40% as much on fighting the drug war as it is on educating for the next generation. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 4). Finally, proponents of legalization contend that prohibition is causing the government to miss out on an opportunity to raise an incredible amount of tax revenue. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. 4). The international illicit drug business generates as much as $400 billion in trade annually according to the United Nations International Drug Control Program, which amounts to 8% of all international trade and is comparable to the annual turnover in textiles. (http://my. marijuana. com, p. ). Legalizing marijuana and taxing its sale would allow the government to use this money to improve and pay for drug treatment programs, health care, homeless shelters, and schools. Legalization would not only eliminate the $18 billion per year spent fighting the drug war, but would in turn raise at least $40 billion per year in tax revenue, if one assumes a mild 10% tax on the drug trade, a number nearly equivalent to the entire United States education budget. (http://my. marijuana. om, p. 4). While pr oponents of legalization contend that marijuana provides several medical benefits, there is no concrete, convincing scientific evidence that marijuana offers benefits that patients cannot obtain from approved prescription drugs such as Marinol. However, patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy or suffering from multiple sclerosis report fewer side-effects with marijuana than with regular drugs. (http://www. cnn. com/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html, p. 4). Although the American Medical Association and other official medical groups oppose medical marijuana, a 1991 survey found 44% of oncologists had suggested use of marijuana to treat nausea associated with chemotherapy. (http://www. cnn. com/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html, p. 4). Thus, before marijuana may be approved as a prescription drug, clinical trials to gauge its therapeutic effect upon pain must be conducted. (http://www. cnn. com/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html, p. 4). Another argument opposing legalization is that marijuana is a (gateway) drug and that legalizing it will only encourage more individuals to try it. However, like the argument that providing high school students with condoms and sex education will inspire teenagers to become sexually active, this argument is logically flawed. If an individual wishes to try marijuana or to have premarital sex, he or she will not be deterred from doing so simply because it is illegal. Finally, opponents of legalization contend that medical marijuana laws are overbroad, i. . , California’s Proposition 215 is written in such a way that almost any ailment or pain could be construed as justification for the use of marijuana and also allows for the cultivation of marijuana, not just possession. (http://www. cnn. com/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html, p. 3). In addition, Arizona’s Proposition 200 goes beyond marijuana, which is often viewed as a soft drug by both opponents and prop onents of legalization, and empowers doctors to prescribe narcotics such as heroin and LSD if they see fit. (http://www. cnn. om/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html, p. 3). Although there are many arguments in favor of legalizing marijuana, more clinical and laboratory research is necessary to improve our knowledge and understanding of marijuana. First, we need to know how many patients and which patients with each symptom or syndrome are likely to find marijuana more effective than existing drugs. Next, more information is required about marijuana’s effect on the immune system in immunologically impaired patients, and its interaction with other medications. Finally, if and when marijuana is legalized, there should be a uniform distribution and enforcement system in place between federal and state governments to regulate who may obtain marijuana, its accepted uses, and quality control mechanisms. References Grinspoon, Lester. Medical Marihuana in a Time of Prohibition. International Journal of Drug Policy, April, 1999. Trebach, Arnold S. and Inciardi, James A. Legalize It? Debating American Drug Policy. The American University Press, Washington, DC. 1993. http://my. marijuana. com http://www. cnn. com/health/9702/weed. wars/issues/focus/index. html